安全生產
在電力企業各級安全管理職責、制度健(jian)全的(de)現狀下(xia)(xia)，安全生(sheng)產“反(fan)違(wei)(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)”工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)雖然全面(mian)(mian)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)，但(dan)由于(yu)(yu)環(huan)境條(tiao)件、人(ren)員(yuan)素質(zhi)、管理水(shui)平各有(you)差異，開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)深度和(he)廣(guang)度各有(you)差異；標準(zhun)化(hua)作(zuo)(zuo)業在提高工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)質(zhi)量和(he)安全預控方(fang)面(mian)(mian)起到了好的(de)效果(guo)，但(dan)由于(yu)(yu)制定(ding)的(de)標準(zhun)化(hua)作(zuo)(zuo)業指導(dao)書、卡內容條(tiao)款的(de)不(bu)(bu)簡(jian)潔和(he)不(bu)(bu)全面(mian)(mian)以及檢(jian)查、考核(he)機(ji)制不(bu)(bu)完善等原因(yin)，形成了現場嚴(yan)格執(zhi)行方(fang)面(mian)(mian)存在著應付成份實際(ji)上給違(wei)(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)者留(liu)有(you)可乘之際(ji)；在稽(ji)查力度加(jia)大、考核(he)嚴(yan)格的(de)管理環(huan)境下(xia)(xia)，行為(wei)違(wei)(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)現象有(you)所(suo)遏制，但(dan)生(sheng)產活(huo)(huo)動中(zhong)由于(yu)(yu)人(ren)員(yuan)自身素質(zhi)差異，遵章(zhang)(zhang)、反(fan)違(wei)(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)還未形成自覺(jue)行為(wei)；安全教(jiao)育和(he)各項安全活(huo)(huo)動的(de)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)使員(yuan)工(gong)安全意識、安全技能不(bu)(bu)斷提升，但(dan)在實際(ji)生(sheng)產行為(wei)中(zhong)由于(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)良習慣的(de)傳遞使一般違(wei)(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)行為(wei)難以收(shou)斂；在科技進步，設備本(ben)質(zhi)安全不(bu)(bu)斷健(jian)全的(de)技術環(huan)境條(tiao)件下(xia)(xia)，裝(zhuang)置(zhi)性違(wei)(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)逐漸減少，但(dan)由于(yu)(yu)經濟(ji)環(huan)境和(he)質(zhi)量管理的(de)疏忽加(jia)上驗收(shou)過(guo)程的(de)嚴(yan)謹不(bu)(bu)夠，裝(zhuang)置(zhi)本(ben)身安全隱患有(you)所(suo)存在；究其根源(yuan)還是人(ren)的(de)意識占主導(dao)地位，為(wei)此，將調(diao)查情況逐條(tiao)分(fen)析提出糾正(zheng)措(cuo)施，目的(de)是將反(fan)違(wei)(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)逐步深入，確保(bao)生(sheng)產作(zuo)(zuo)業中(zhong)人(ren)員(yuan)和(he)設備不(bu)(bu)因(yin)違(wei)(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)導(dao)致(zhi)的(de)事故發生(sheng)，確保(bao)電力生(sheng)產的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)運行。
一(yi)、 安全職責(ze)明確，考核措施有待加(jia)強(qiang)落實
常(chang)言(yan)說：火車跑得(de)快，全靠車頭帶。基(ji)層(ceng)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)否(fou)規范，執行(xing)制度是(shi)否(fou)嚴格(ge)全靠單(dan)位領導干(gan)(gan)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)影(ying)響(xiang)。干(gan)(gan)部(bu)(bu)安(an)全生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)履職(zhi)(zhi)評估(gu)考核(he)原本是(shi)一種促(cu)(cu)進領導者(zhe)(zhe)履行(xing)安(an)全職(zhi)(zhi)責的(de)(de)(de)手段，考核(he)內容相當全面(mian)，只要認真(zhen)評估(gu)、真(zhen)實記錄、與績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)考核(he)掛鉤的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)彰獎勵(li)(li)能為(wei)(wei)(wei)干(gan)(gan)部(bu)(bu)在生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)活動中(zhong)起(qi)指導帶頭作用，更(geng)好地促(cu)(cu)進安(an)全生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)穩(wen)定。但是(shi)，目前的(de)(de)(de)評估(gu)實際(ji)上只停(ting)留(liu)在表(biao)面(mian)資(zi)料完善上，沒(mei)有組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)專業監督(du)(du)、考核(he)部(bu)(bu)門(men)，各單(dan)位應付成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)份(fen)比(bi)例較大，起(qi)到的(de)(de)(de)促(cu)(cu)進安(an)全生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)作用并不(bu)明顯(xian)，分析(xi)其實質就(jiu)是(shi)一種管理(li)違章的(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)表(biao)現，目前干(gan)(gan)部(bu)(bu)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)實際(ji)追求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)一種沒(mei)有績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)“績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)”。基(ji)層(ceng)單(dan)位效(xiao)仿(fang)的(de)(de)(de)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)考核(he)制度落實情況(kuang)隨檢查考核(he)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)時緊(jin)時松(song)，沒(mei)有形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)長效(xiao)管理(li)機制，員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)自(zi)覺(jue)履職(zhi)(zhi)沒(mei)有動力。為(wei)(wei)(wei)此基(ji)層(ceng)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建議：執行(xing)制度必須(xu)從上至下層(ceng)層(ceng)嚴格(ge)，考核(he)履職(zhi)(zhi)情況(kuang)必須(xu)設置(zhi)監督(du)(du)管理(li)機構(gou)，考核(he)結(jie)果必須(xu)公平(ping)、公正、公開，讓員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)信服，有效(xiao)仿(fang)意義(yi)，使(shi)安(an)全生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)優良者(zhe)(zhe)得(de)到更(geng)多(duo)獎勵(li)(li)，無(wu)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)受到鞭策，真(zhen)正達到以優促(cu)(cu)劣(lie)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)效(xiao)果。
二、標準化作業開展不全面，質量有待提(ti)高
現(xian)場工(gong)(gong)(gong)作實行標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)作業應該為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作質量和(he)(he)(he)安(an)全(quan)作業提供了(le)保(bao)障。目前從稽查(cha)現(xian)場效(xiao)果(guo)反映各專(zhuan)業班組和(he)(he)(he)操(cao)巡隊在(zai)現(xian)場工(gong)(gong)(gong)作中(zhong)堅持(chi)開展了(le)標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)作業，但是普遍存在(zai)應付檢查(cha)現(xian)象，完(wan)(wan)(wan)備(bei)性(xing)(xing)、自覺性(xing)(xing)、日常(chang)性(xing)(xing)、真實性(xing)(xing)相當不(bu)夠(gou)。究其(qi)原因有(you)：1、員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)認識不(bu)足(zu)；2、獎勵機(ji)制停(ting)留在(zai)小額度(du)或口頭(tou)上(shang)；3、處罰毫無(wu)力度(du)和(he)(he)(he)及時性(xing)(xing)；4、環境和(he)(he)(he)條(tiao)件不(bu)能滿足(zu)指導書(shu)執(zhi)行要(yao)求；5、作業指導書(shu)、卡(ka)編制還不(bu)完(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)；6、未正確(que)處理(li)(li)好(hao)(hao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作進度(du)和(he)(he)(he)安(an)全(quan)的(de)矛盾；員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)呼吁：管(guan)理(li)(li)部門(men)應該慎(shen)重制度(du)的(de)制定(ding)和(he)(he)(he)執(zhi)行；監督(du)機(ji)構(gou)一(yi)視同仁(ren)地(di)處理(li)(li)表彰和(he)(he)(he)處罰；管(guan)理(li)(li)部門(men)勁力為(wei)基(ji)層創造良好(hao)(hao)的(de)條(tiao)件；管(guan)理(li)(li)與(yu)基(ji)層上(shang)下一(yi)致地(di)處理(li)(li)好(hao)(hao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作進度(du)和(he)(he)(he)安(an)全(quan)的(de)矛盾；進一(yi)步完(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)現(xian)場作業指導書(shu)、卡(ka)的(de)簡潔、適用、完(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)和(he)(he)(he)可操(cao)作性(xing)(xing)使現(xian)場標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)作業能為(wei)杜絕違章，防(fang)止(zhi)危險(xian)的(de)發生起到(dao)應該起到(dao)的(de)作用。
三、 傳遞良好(hao)習慣，杜絕違章惡習
“播下一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)思想，收獲(huo)(huo)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)行(xing)(xing)為；播下一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)行(xing)(xing)為，收獲(huo)(huo)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)慣(guan)；播下一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)慣(guan)，收獲(huo)(huo)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)命運(yun)”。理念、行(xing)(xing)為、習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)慣(guan)、結(jie)果相互影(ying)響(xiang)，關系密切，理念指導行(xing)(xing)為，行(xing)(xing)為變成習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)慣(guan)，習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)慣(guan)養成性(xing)格(ge)，性(xing)格(ge)決定命運(yun)。良(liang)好(hao)地(di)學習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、、工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)、生(sheng)(sheng)活習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)慣(guan)成就了無數(shu)成功人(ren)(ren)(ren)士和(he)企(qi)(qi)業；相反，不(bu)(bu)良(liang)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)、學習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、生(sheng)(sheng)活習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)慣(guan)使(shi)有(you)(you)著美好(hao)前景(jing)的(de)(de)(de)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)或企(qi)(qi)業一(yi)步(bu)一(yi)步(bu)走向衰敗。電(dian)力(li)企(qi)(qi)業無數(shu)事(shi)(shi)實(shi)證明，事(shi)(shi)故大多(duo)(duo)(duo)由不(bu)(bu)良(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)慣(guan)導致的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)為違(wei)(wei)(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)所致。因此(ci)，養成良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)慣(guan)，傳遞已有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)良(liang)好(hao)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)慣(guan)是斗爭(zheng)不(bu)(bu)良(liang)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)慣(guan)，搞好(hao)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)關鍵。班組座談中(zhong)有(you)(you)經驗的(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)談到：現(xian)場有(you)(you)些工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)受條(tiao)件和(he)環(huan)境、時間所限，雖然知道不(bu)(bu)按(an)照流(liu)程(cheng)規程(cheng)去辦存在(zai)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)危險，但(dan)是不(bu)(bu)冒點(dian)險工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)卻(que)難以(yi)在(zai)規定的(de)(de)(de)時間內(nei)完成任務，既然經驗已被領導信(xin)任，個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也認(ren)為原來這樣做(zuo)過，出事(shi)(shi)概(gai)率不(bu)(bu)大的(de)(de)(de)，實(shi)際上大多(duo)(duo)(duo)也沒出事(shi)(shi)，抱(bao)著僥幸(xing)(xing)心(xin)理干吧(ba)。實(shi)際上，工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)違(wei)(wei)(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)良(liang)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)慣(guan)已言傳身教給(gei)了年(nian)(nian)輕(qing)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，不(bu)(bu)僅如此(ci)，還有(you)(you)些年(nian)(nian)輕(qing)、聰明的(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)還將發(fa)揮擴展。分析其根源(yuan)是：1、師(shi)傅傳遞習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)慣(guan)不(bu)(bu)好(hao)；2、簡便比(bi)復雜容易；3、管理浮在(zai)表面(mian)上；4、遵章(zhang)(zhang)與違(wei)(wei)(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)獎懲(cheng)無力(li)度；5、員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)意識(shi)(shi)(shi)欠(qian)缺(que)；6、事(shi)(shi)故后的(de)(de)(de)教育流(liu)于形式；7、員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)生(sheng)(sheng)命沒有(you)(you)價(jia)值認(ren)識(shi)(shi)(shi)；8、員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)社(she)會(hui)、家(jia)庭沒有(you)(you)強烈的(de)(de)(de)責任誠信(xin)意識(shi)(shi)(shi)；為此(ci)，員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)提出：電(dian)力(li)企(qi)(qi)業要(yao)(yao)采取(qu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)方式、多(duo)(duo)(duo)方面(mian)、多(duo)(duo)(duo)獎勵、多(duo)(duo)(duo)處(chu)罰(fa)、多(duo)(duo)(duo)監督的(de)(de)(de)策略來自覺和(he)強制性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)培訓、教育員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)養成良(liang)好(hao)地(di)遵章(zhang)(zhang)守紀意識(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)慣(guan)，提高員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)責任和(he)誠信(xin)的(de)(de)(de)付諸程(cheng)度；要(yao)(yao)使(shi)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)認(ren)識(shi)(shi)(shi)到安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產成于眾人(ren)(ren)(ren)之功、毀于一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之手(shou)(shou)；要(yao)(yao)采取(qu)對(dui)違(wei)(wei)(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)“燙手(shou)(shou)效(xiao)應(ying)”，遏制、打擊違(wei)(wei)(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)慣(guan)，從(cong)意識(shi)(shi)(shi)上、行(xing)(xing)為上消(xiao)除誘發(fa)事(shi)(shi)故的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)床；要(yao)(yao)讓員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)正真從(cong)切身利益(yi)上獲(huo)(huo)取(qu)企(qi)(qi)業安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產帶來的(de)(de)(de)經濟效(xiao)益(yi)，社(she)會(hui)、家(jia)庭帶來的(de)(de)(de)安(an)康和(he)幸(xing)(xing)福；要(yao)(yao)讓員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)任何場合(he)都自覺成為安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)監督者和(he)被監督者，營造一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)查違(wei)(wei)(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)反違(wei)(wei)(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)”的(de)(de)(de)濃厚安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)氛(fen)圍，讓習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)慣(guan)性(xing)違(wei)(wei)(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)成為過街老(lao)鼠，人(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)喊打。
四、 培訓(xun)、考(kao)試(shi)工作要(yao)注重人的個(ge)性(xing)差(cha)異(yi)
由于每個(ge)人的(de)(de)(de)文化(hua)基礎、多種(zhong)環境條件、年(nian)齡以(yi)及(ji)專業(ye)不同(tong)，存在著個(ge)性差異，所以(yi)培訓工作不能(neng)一(yi)概而(er)論。目前，安全規(gui)(gui)程不斷修訂、管理規(gui)(gui)定不斷出臺還有多種(zhong)多樣活動(dong)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)求繁多，年(nian)紀大的(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)工一(yi)時難(nan)以(yi)接受，年(nian)輕(qing)人認為(wei)沒有創新和特色，因此毫(hao)無(wu)(wu)興趣(qu)。一(yi)致要(yao)(yao)(yao)求：培訓要(yao)(yao)(yao)有針對(dui)性、活動(dong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有新穎性、規(gui)(gui)定要(yao)(yao)(yao)有可(ke)操作性。在培訓時，還要(yao)(yao)(yao)充(chong)分考慮個(ge)人因素，有的(de)(de)(de)人可(ke)能(neng)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)給(gei)點(dian)壓(ya)力，有的(de)(de)(de)人可(ke)能(neng)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)給(gei)點(dian)動(dong)力，有的(de)(de)(de)人需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)批評敲打，有的(de)(de)(de)人需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)鼓勵稱贊。總(zong)之，培訓要(yao)(yao)(yao)因人而(er)異、區別對(dui)待，采取多元化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)方式進行，要(yao)(yao)(yao)激發員(yuan)工學習(xi)的(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極性，努力適(shi)應企業(ye)發展的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求、適(shi)應安全生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求。不要(yao)(yao)(yao)毫(hao)無(wu)(wu)目的(de)(de)(de)、走些過場(chang)、應付上(shang)下(xia)級。
總(zong)之，確保安(an)全生(sheng)產、反(fan)習慣(guan)違(wei)(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)是(shi)一項長期而又艱巨的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作，全體(ti)員工(gong)(gong)必須共同參與。大(da)家一定(ding)要(yao)克(ke)服“反(fan)違(wei)(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)是(shi)安(an)監部門的(de)(de)(de)事、是(shi)安(an)監人員的(de)(de)(de)事，與自己沒有(you)(you)關系”的(de)(de)(de)思想。要(yao)對反(fan)違(wei)(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)工(gong)(gong)作充(chong)滿熱情和(he)積極(ji)性。要(yao)做到：不(bu)僅管好(hao)自己，還要(yao)關注(zhu)別人；為(wei)了自己和(he)他(ta)人安(an)全大(da)膽揭露(lu)、糾正違(wei)(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)行(xing)為(wei)，不(bu)要(yao)不(bu)好(hao)意思、怕得(de)罪(zui)人。古(gu)語道：“救(jiu)人一命(ming)，勝建七級浮屠”，實(shi)際上，糾正一次違(wei)(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)就是(shi)挽救(jiu)一次生(sheng)命(ming)。只有(you)(you)人人行(xing)動起來，以遵章(zhang)(zhang)斗爭違(wei)(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)才能使違(wei)(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)行(xing)為(wei)沒有(you)(you)市(shi)場，將(jiang)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)習慣(guan)傳遞給后人，生(sheng)產中就不(bu)會(hui)因(yin)違(wei)(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)造成事故，企業和(he)員工(gong)(gong)就會(hui)得(de)到效(xiao)益，社會(hui)和(he)家庭就會(hui)得(de)到穩定(ding)。
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