程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)：為進行(xing)(xing)某項(xiang)活動(dong)或(huo)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)所(suo)規(gui)定的(de)途徑，程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)可形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)文(wen)件(jian)(jian)也可不(bu)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)文(wen)件(jian)(jian)。對(dui)于(yu)很(hen)少接(jie)觸質(zhi)量(liang)管理(li)工(gong)作或(huo)者質(zhi)量(liang)體(ti)系工(gong)作的(de)人(ren)員可能(neng)對(dui)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)文(wen)件(jian)(jian)比較(jiao)陌(mo)生，甚至是(shi)剛接(jie)觸ISO9001:2015不(bu)久的(de)人(ren)員也會對(dui)其有陌(mo)生感，因為在ISO9001:2015版(ban)(ban)(ban)本標(biao)準(zhun)中(zhong)已經(jing)沒(mei)有對(dui)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)文(wen)件(jian)(jian)規(gui)定嚴格的(de)編制(zhi)要求了(le)，但(dan)質(zhi)量(liang)管理(li)體(ti)系標(biao)準(zhun)從(cong)ISO9001:1994到2000版(ban)(ban)(ban)、2008版(ban)(ban)(ban)，在較(jiao)早的(de)這(zhe)(zhe)幾個版(ban)(ban)(ban)本標(biao)準(zhun)中(zhong)仍是(shi)有明(ming)確(que)的(de)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)文(wen)件(jian)(jian)編制(zhi)要求的(de)，下面就根據自身(shen)21年(nian)的(de)工(gong)作經(jing)驗中(zhong)所(suo)接(jie)觸這(zhe)(zhe)么多版(ban)(ban)(ban)本標(biao)準(zhun)來(lai)淺(qian)談下即(ji)使程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)文(wen)件(jian)(jian)已經(jing)沒(mei)有明(ming)確(que)要求了(le)，但(dan)實際上各行(xing)(xing)各業都(dou)不(bu)應忽視(shi)它的(de)重(zhong)要性。
首先我們(men)可以通過(guo)對比下歷(li)次版本的ISO9001質量(liang)管理(li)體(ti)系標準，就從2000版開始進行統計對比吧(ba)，如下：
ISO9001:2000版(ban)：明確規定(ding)了(le)應按標(biao)準(zhun)要求建立(li)程(cheng)序文(wen)件(jian)，通常達到10多(duo)份程(cheng)序文(wen)件(jian)。
ISO9001:2008版：明確規定了六份必要(yao)文(wen)件“文(wen)件控(kong)制(zhi)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)、記(ji)錄控(kong)制(zhi)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)、不(bu)合格品控(kong)制(zhi)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)、內(nei)部審核程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)、糾(jiu)正措(cuo)施(shi)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)、預防措(cuo)施(shi)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)”。
ISO9001:2015版：在標準中只在4.3、5.2.2、6.2.1、8.1等(deng)四個(ge)條款處(chu)明(ming)確規(gui)定“保持成文信息”的要(yao)求(qiu)，不再強制(zhi)規(gui)定需(xu)要(yao)編制(zhi)哪些(xie)程序文件。
以(yi)上程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)量的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)可(ke)明顯看到質量管(guan)(guan)理體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)中對(dui)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)淡化(hua)，在實際工作(zuo)中有(you)一部(bu)分工廠的(de)(de)(de)質量管(guan)(guan)理體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)從業(ye)人(ren)員認(ren)(ren)為新版(ban)ISO9001:2015標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)已經沒有(you)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)哪(na)些文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)要(yao)編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形成文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，所以(yi)工廠應(ying)盡量少(shao)編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，甚(shen)至(zhi)越少(shao)越好。我個人(ren)并(bing)不贊成這種觀點和這種理解(jie)，不可(ke)否認(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)是確實在新版(ban)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)中明顯淡化(hua)了對(dui)編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，但并(bing)不意(yi)味著作(zuo)為運行(xing)質量管(guan)(guan)理體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)行(xing)各(ge)業(ye)就(jiu)有(you)理由減少(shao)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)量，其(qi)實程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)巨大(da)作(zuo)用(yong)不應(ying)被(bei)忽視和淡化(hua)，其(qi)作(zuo)用(yong)有(you)：針對(dui)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建立標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、形成文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)利(li)于企業(ye)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)傳承、利(li)于開展培訓、也可(ke)作(zuo)為開展工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)執行(xing)依據、還可(ke)在內(nei)(nei)部(bu)得到共同交(jiao)流分享等(deng)。所以(yi)我個人(ren)仍(reng)堅(jian)持認(ren)(ren)為應(ying)建立必(bi)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)適宜的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)夠覆(fu)蓋一定(ding)管(guan)(guan)控(kong)范圍的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，這些文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)不一定(ding)是對(dui)每個過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)應(ying)一個程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，可(ke)以(yi)不刻意(yi)追求(qiu)(qiu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)數(shu)(shu)量的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)少(shao)，但應(ying)能(neng)覆(fu)蓋需要(yao)管(guan)(guan)控(kong)的(de)(de)(de)范圍，比如：不合格品控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)、內(nei)(nei)部(bu)審核控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)、糾正措施管(guan)(guan)理程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)、變(bian)更(geng)管(guan)(guan)理控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)等(deng)。
另外(wai)我們可以再對比(bi)下IATF16949標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，在(zai)(zai)2016年IATF16949汽(qi)車質(zhi)量(liang)管理體系(xi)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)正式(shi)發布。在(zai)(zai)這個(ge)(ge)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)一個(ge)(ge)詞組是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)非常重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應該引(yin)起高度重視(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，它就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)：建(jian)立(li)(li)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)，在(zai)(zai)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)條(tiao)款(kuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)英文(wen)(wen)(wen)書寫(xie)為(wei)：documented process(es)，這個(ge)(ge)詞組的(de)(de)(de)(de)通俗意思是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，需要編(bian)制(zhi)或建(jian)立(li)(li)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)，以支(zhi)持該過程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)持續(xu)運行（建(jian)立(li)(li)、實施、保持和(he)改進）。經過統計(ji)發現在(zai)(zai)IATF16949標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)條(tiao)款(kuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)明確(que)寫(xie)有(you)documented process(es)的(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)款(kuan)有(you)22處，首先(xian)我們應認識到這22處要求(qiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)IATF16949標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)明確(que)要求(qiu)，不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)ISO9001中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)，IATF16949標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)條(tiao)款(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)匯編(bian)專家們通過在(zai)(zai)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)仍明確(que)提(ti)出了為(wei)這些環節建(jian)立(li)(li)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)，說明這些過程(cheng)在(zai)(zai)質(zhi)量(liang)管理體系(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)非常重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)，它們的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要性是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)容(rong)忽(hu)(hu)視(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，ISO9001：:2015標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)相(xiang)比(bi)IATF16949汽(qi)車質(zhi)量(liang)管理體系(xi)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)而言(yan)，從編(bian)制(zhi)程(cheng)序文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)強制(zhi)要求(qiu)來看，后者明顯就(jiu)要嚴格得多。因此我的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀點是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)：程(cheng)序文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)仍是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)質(zhi)量(liang)管理體系(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)起著舉足輕重的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)，千萬不(bu)用(yong)刻意誤解了標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，程(cheng)序文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數量(liang)和(he)編(bian)寫(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)絕不(bu)應被(bei)忽(hu)(hu)視(shi)。
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