調整工作崗位超過一個月的視為合法變更勞動合同
（本文由勞動法鐘永棣老師原創）
《勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)法》第三十五條規(gui)定，用人單位與(yu)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)者協(xie)商一致，可以(yi)(yi)變更勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)約定的內容(rong)。變更勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)，應當采用書面形式。第四(si)十條規(gui)定，有下列情形之(zhi)一的，用人單位提(ti)前三十日以(yi)(yi)書面形式通知(zhi)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)者本人或者額(e)外支(zhi)付勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)者一個(ge)月(yue)工(gong)資后，可以(yi)(yi)解除勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)：（一）勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)者患病(bing)或者非因工(gong)負傷，在規(gui)定的醫療期滿(man)后不(bu)(bu)能從事原工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，也不(bu)(bu)能從事由用人單位另行安(an)排的工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的；（二）勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)者不(bu)(bu)能勝任工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，經過培訓或者調(diao)整工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)崗位，仍不(bu)(bu)能勝任工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的。
勞動法鐘永棣老師認為，根據上(shang)述規(gui)定及(ji)結(jie)合多年來的(de)司法實踐觀點，由于勞(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)的(de)身體(ti)因素或能力因素不能勝任(ren)工作(zuo)的(de)，用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)可以(yi)單(dan)方調整(zheng)其工作(zuo)崗(gang)位(wei)，這是用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)行使用(yong)工自(zi)主權(quan)的(de)體(ti)現；而其他情(qing)況下調整(zheng)工作(zuo)崗(gang)位(wei)的(de)，都應征得勞(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)的(de)書面同意，否則構成違法調崗(gang)，勞(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)可以(yi)主張恢復到(dao)原崗(gang)位(wei)或被(bei)迫解除勞(lao)動(dong)合同。
2013年1月18日最高人民法院出臺了《關于審理勞動爭議案件適用法律若干問題的解釋（四）》（2013年2月1日生效），當中的第十一條規定，變更勞動合同未采用書面形式，但已經實際履行了口頭變更的勞動合同超過一個月，且變更后的勞動合同內容不違反法律、行政法規、國家政策以及公序良俗，當事人以未采用書面形式為由主張勞動合同變更無效的，人民法院不予支持。此后，關于調崗的勞動爭議評判標準有了新的觀點。兩年來，全國各地不少判決書認為，勞動者到新崗位工作超過一個月且期間沒有提出異議的即視為其接受了新崗位。勞動法鐘永棣老師認為，實際操作中，用人單(dan)位(wei)(wei)需舉(ju)(ju)證(zheng)證(zheng)明勞(lao)動者(zhe)以(yi)正常的(de)狀態履(lv)行了新崗位(wei)(wei)的(de)工作職責(ze)超過一(yi)個月即可；而勞(lao)動者(zhe)主張不接受新崗位(wei)(wei)的(de)則(ze)需舉(ju)(ju)證(zheng)證(zheng)明其在一(yi)個月內(nei)提(ti)出過異議或在此期(qi)間拒絕履(lv)行新崗位(wei)(wei)的(de)工作職責(ze)。
附某法院判例
原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)審法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)認為(wei)(wei)，本(ben)案(an)訴爭焦點為(wei)(wei)，被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)是否(fou)應(ying)恢復原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)職務(wu)及(ji)補(bu)(bu)發工(gong)(gong)(gong)資差額(e)問題(ti)。原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)主(zhu)(zhu)張的理(li)由(you)是依(yi)據(ju)(ju)(ju)《中(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)(ren)民共和(he)國勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)法(fa)(fa)》第三(san)十五條的規(gui)定，即(ji)變(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)，應(ying)當采(cai)用(yong)(yong)書(shu)(shu)面形(xing)(xing)式。原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)審法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)認為(wei)(wei)，根據(ju)(ju)(ju)《最高人(ren)(ren)(ren)民法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)關于審理(li)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)爭議案(an)件適用(yong)(yong)法(fa)(fa)律若干問題(ti)的解釋（四）》第十一(yi)(yi)條的規(gui)定，變(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)未采(cai)用(yong)(yong)書(shu)(shu)面形(xing)(xing)式，但已(yi)(yi)經實(shi)際履(lv)行口頭變(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)的勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)超過(guo)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)，且(qie)變(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)后(hou)的勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)內容不違反法(fa)(fa)律、行政法(fa)(fa)規(gui)、國家(jia)政策以及(ji)公序良俗，當事人(ren)(ren)(ren)以未采(cai)用(yong)(yong)書(shu)(shu)面形(xing)(xing)式為(wei)(wei)由(you)主(zhu)(zhu)張勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)無(wu)效的，人(ren)(ren)(ren)民法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)不予支(zhi)持。具體到本(ben)案(an)，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)職務(wu)為(wei)(wei)被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)營(ying)銷(xiao)中(zhong)心冀(ji)(ji)南銷(xiao)售大區(qu)(qu)總經理(li)助理(li)，后(hou)被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)出(chu)臺《人(ren)(ren)(ren)事任免(mian)通(tong)知》和(he)《組織架構調(diao)整(zheng)及(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)事任免(mian)通(tong)知》，庭審中(zhong)，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)否(fou)認被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)已(yi)(yi)告(gao)(gao)(gao)知免(mian)去其(qi)(qi)冀(ji)(ji)南大區(qu)(qu)石家(jia)莊WX業務(wu)二(er)部(bu)經理(li)（兼）職務(wu)及(ji)調(diao)整(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)崗位一(yi)(yi)事，其(qi)(qi)對(dui)(dui)被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)提(ti)供的《人(ren)(ren)(ren)事異動(dong)(dong)(dong)申(shen)請(qing)表(biao)(biao)》中(zhong)其(qi)(qi)本(ben)人(ren)(ren)(ren)簽字提(ti)出(chu)異議并申(shen)請(qing)筆(bi)跡(ji)鑒(jian)定。原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)審法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)認為(wei)(wei)，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)因對(dui)(dui)被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)提(ti)供的《人(ren)(ren)(ren)事異動(dong)(dong)(dong)申(shen)請(qing)表(biao)(biao)》中(zhong)為(wei)(wei)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)本(ben)人(ren)(ren)(ren)簽字提(ti)出(chu)異議，該(gai)份(fen)證據(ju)(ju)(ju)未得到原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)認可，且(qie)該(gai)證據(ju)(ju)(ju)形(xing)(xing)式為(wei)(wei)復印件，無(wu)法(fa)(fa)進行筆(bi)跡(ji)鑒(jian)定，故對(dui)(dui)該(gai)證據(ju)(ju)(ju)不予采(cai)納。但，經查明，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)已(yi)(yi)分(fen)別在(zai)被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)2013年4月(yue)(yue)至(zhi)2013年6月(yue)(yue)的《天津區(qu)(qu)域公司(si)營(ying)銷(xiao)中(zhong)心津北(bei)銷(xiao)售大區(qu)(qu)WQ業務(wu)部(bu)基層績效考(kao)核表(biao)(biao)》業務(wu)主(zhu)(zhu)管欄和(he)2013年4月(yue)(yue)至(zhi)8月(yue)(yue)的《津北(bei)銷(xiao)售大區(qu)(qu)（WQ）業務(wu)部(bu)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)考(kao)勤表(biao)(biao)》中(zhong)簽名確(que)認，且(qie)被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)單位實(shi)行下月(yue)(yue)發薪，通(tong)過(guo)銀行轉賬(zhang)形(xing)(xing)式支(zhi)付員工(gong)(gong)(gong)上月(yue)(yue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資，上述事實(shi)能夠形(xing)(xing)成證據(ju)(ju)(ju)鏈，證實(shi)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)已(yi)(yi)知曉(xiao)其(qi)(qi)職務(wu)和(he)薪資自2013年4月(yue)(yue)起已(yi)(yi)發生調(diao)整(zheng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)已(yi)(yi)實(shi)際履(lv)行變(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)后(hou)的勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)超過(guo)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)，現原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)以未采(cai)用(yong)(yong)書(shu)(shu)面形(xing)(xing)式為(wei)(wei)由(you)，而主(zhu)(zhu)張被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)恢復其(qi)(qi)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)職務(wu)和(he)補(bu)(bu)發變(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)后(hou)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)資差額(e)之訴請(qing)事項，無(wu)法(fa)(fa)律依(yi)據(ju)(ju)(ju)，不予支(zhi)持。（備注：二(er)審法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)對(dui)(dui)本(ben)案(an)維持原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)判！）
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