越(yue)南(nan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)能取(qu)代(dai)(dai)中(zhong)國(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)為(wei)世界工廠(chang)嗎？今年(nian)(nian)國(guo)內(nei)很多制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)業都是停(ting)工停(ting)產(chan)，日子非常(chang)難(nan)熬。但是越(yue)南(nan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)為(wei)什么(me)(me)一(yi)下就火(huo)起(qi)來(lai)了(le)？針(zhen)對這個問題，專(zhuan)(zhuan)門跟幾個在越(yue)南(nan)投資工廠(chang)及房地產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)朋友做了(le)深入的(de)(de)(de)溝通交流，專(zhuan)(zhuan)門分析了(le)越(yue)南(nan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)跟中(zhong)國(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)差距。首先(xian)今年(nian)(nian)越(yue)南(nan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)為(wei)什么(me)(me)能火(huo)起(qi)來(lai)，這一(yi)波熱度是從(cong)今年(nian)(nian)4月(yue)份(fen)開始的(de)(de)(de)，從(cong)三月(yue)份(fen)之(zhi)后，越(yue)南(nan)北部疫(yi)情(qing)開始好(hao)轉，很多代(dai)(dai)工廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)能力(li)(li)就得到(dao)(dao)了(le)恢復。這個時候越(yue)南(nan)的(de)(de)(de)出(chu)口外貿(mao)抓住(zhu)了(le)全球疫(yi)情(qing)之(zhi)下空(kong)白的(de)(de)(de)機會(hui)，全力(li)(li)承(cheng)接產(chan)業鏈(lian)，獲(huo)得了(le)大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)訂單，而國(guo)內(nei)剛好(hao)上半(ban)年(nian)(nian)有幾個重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)城市，上海跟深圳，因為(wei)涉及到(dao)(dao)疫(yi)情(qing)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響封閉了(le)一(yi)段時間，所(suo)以很多歐(ou)美客戶直(zhi)接把原來(lai)國(guo)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)訂單轉移(yi)到(dao)(dao)了(le)越(yue)南(nan)生(sheng)產(chan)，給國(guo)內(nei)很多企(qi)業造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)不小的(de)(de)(de)損失(shi)。這就是為(wei)什么(me)(me)今年(nian)(nian)上半(ban)年(nian)(nian)越(yue)南(nan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)業火(huo)爆的(de)(de)(de)原因。
那為什么很(hen)多企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)愿意(yi)把(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)搬到(dao)越(yue)(yue)(yue)南(nan)去(qu)(qu)(qu)？最(zui)核(he)心原(yuan)因是(shi)(shi)(shi)人口紅利跟稅收政(zheng)策，越(yue)(yue)(yue)南(nan)的(de)(de)(de)人均(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資基(ji)(ji)(ji)本在2到(dao)3000左右，而(er)國(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資是(shi)(shi)(shi)4到(dao)5000，越(yue)(yue)(yue)南(nan)的(de)(de)(de)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成本基(ji)(ji)(ji)本上(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)國(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成本的(de)(de)(de)一半左右。所(suo)以(yi)在十(shi)年前，國(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)很(hen)多企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)就開(kai)始往(wang)越(yue)(yue)(yue)南(nan)搬遷(qian)，最(zui)先過去(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)一些(xie)勞動(dong)(dong)密集(ji)型(xing)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，比如做(zuo)鞋子的(de)(de)(de)像(xiang)鞋廠(chang)(chang)，臺灣的(de)(de)(de)寶元，服(fu)裝(zhuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)，像(xiang)浙(zhe)江的(de)(de)(de)申洲國(guo)際這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)，當然(ran)還(huan)有三(san)星(xing)，都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)中國(guo)大陸搬遷(qian)過去(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)都(dou)有一個(ge)(ge)(ge)特點，就都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)勞動(dong)(dong)密集(ji)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，需要(yao)依(yi)靠大量的(de)(de)(de)勞動(dong)(dong)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)，所(suo)以(yi)現在的(de)(de)(de)越(yue)(yue)(yue)南(nan)，其實就是(shi)(shi)(shi)二十(shi)多年前的(de)(de)(de)東莞(guan)一樣，做(zuo)三(san)來(lai)一補的(de)(de)(de)來(lai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，來(lai)件裝(zhuang)配，來(lai)樣加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和補償貿易。所(suo)以(yi)當下越(yue)(yue)(yue)南(nan)承(cheng)擔(dan)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)整個(ge)(ge)(ge)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)最(zui)末端的(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)環節，也就是(shi)(shi)(shi)組裝(zhuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)環節，核(he)心原(yuan)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)和設備(bei)都(dou)需要(yao)對外(wai)采購。過去(qu)(qu)(qu)通過組裝(zhuang)再出來(lai)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)中間環節的(de)(de)(de)附加(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)非常(chang)低的(de)(de)(de)，所(suo)以(yi)現在越(yue)(yue)(yue)南(nan)的(de)(de)(de)整個(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)區，基(ji)(ji)(ji)本都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)做(zuo)鞋子的(de)(de)(de)，做(zuo)衣服(fu)的(de)(de)(de)和電子的(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)輕(qing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)領域，而(er)越(yue)(yue)(yue)南(nan)本土的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)系(xi)和產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)配套，根本就還(huan)沒(mei)有培育起來(lai)。大部(bu)分那些(xie)外(wai)資工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)除了(le)勞動(dong)(dong)力(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)越(yue)(yue)(yue)南(nan)人，原(yuan)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)流水線(xian)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)中國(guo)或(huo)者其他國(guo)家采購的(de)(de)(de)，所(suo)以(yi)眼下更多扮演的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)中國(guo)制(zhi)造業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)燃料(liao)(liao)(liao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)，還(huan)不(bu)足以(yi)替代(dai)中國(guo)，成為世界工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)，但或(huo)許可以(yi)成為世界工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)巨大車(che)間。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)對中國(guo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一個(ge)(ge)(ge)機會(hui)。因為現在實施(shi)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)升級(ji)，往(wang)高端制(zhi)造發(fa)展(zhan)，而(er)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)低端的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)造都(dou)可以(yi)讓越(yue)(yue)(yue)南(nan)印度去(qu)(qu)(qu)做(zuo)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣在整個(ge)(ge)(ge)全球(qiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)一體(ti)化的(de)(de)(de)分工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里面，我們(men)慢慢承(cheng)擔(dan)起高端制(zhi)造，高端技(ji)術研發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)角色(se)。
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