一(yi)、企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)面臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)挑(tiao)戰相關(guan)(guan)內容 1. 從客(ke)戶(hu)需(xu)求(qiu)到供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)表(biao)現(xian) - 在當今企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)活(huo)動中(zhong)(zhong)，供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈一(yi)體化是(shi)(shi)(shi)重要趨勢(shi)。企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)要關(guan)(guan)注客(ke)戶(hu)之聲（VOC），并(bing)將其(qi)(qi)與供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)表(biao)現(xian)相聯系(xi)(xi)。因為(wei)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)現(xian)直接影(ying)響(xiang)到企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)能(neng)否滿(man)(man)足客(ke)戶(hu)需(xu)求(qiu)。例如，企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)接收到客(ke)戶(hu)對產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)、交(jiao)貨期等(deng)(deng)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)，而(er)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)提(ti)供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原材料(liao)或零部(bu)(bu)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)、交(jiao)貨及時性等(deng)(deng)都(dou)會影(ying)響(xiang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)對客(ke)戶(hu)需(xu)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)響(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)。如果供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)提(ti)供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)件經(jing)常(chang)延(yan)遲(chi)交(jiao)貨或者質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)不穩定，企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)就(jiu)難以(yi)(yi)向客(ke)戶(hu)提(ti)供(gong)高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)和(he)及時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)付服務(wu)。 - 供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)管(guan)理(li)已成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)核心競爭(zheng)力之一(yi)。就(jiu)像豐田汽車生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)模式，其(qi)(qi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功建(jian)立(li)在可靠、強(qiang)而(er)穩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)體系(xi)(xi)之上(shang)。企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營運模式和(he)績(ji)效很(hen)大(da)程(cheng)度上(shang)取決于供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)。例如，一(yi)個制造企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)如果供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)提(ti)供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原材料(liao)總是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)缺陷(xian)，會導致企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)效率降低，增加生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)，甚至影(ying)響(xiang)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市場競爭(zheng)力。 2. 成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)與質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考量(liang) - 企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存和(he)發展過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否滿(man)(man)意是(shi)(shi)(shi)個重要問題，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)包括工資成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)、缺陷(xian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)、商(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)等(deng)(deng)。在質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)與成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)上(shang)，傳統觀(guan)念(nian)(nian)和(he)現(xian)代(dai)觀(guan)念(nian)(nian)有(you)很(hen)大(da)不同。傳統觀(guan)念(nian)(nian)認(ren)為(wei)提(ti)高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)會增加成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)，而(er)現(xian)代(dai)觀(guan)念(nian)(nian)認(ren)識到質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)升可以(yi)(yi)帶來(lai)(lai)長(chang)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)節約(yue)。例如，通過預(yu)防性質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)保證方法，雖(sui)然在前期可能(neng)有(you)一(yi)定投入，但從長(chang)期看可以(yi)(yi)減少因質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)問題導致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廢品(pin)(pin)、返(fan)工和(he)保修等(deng)(deng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)。從質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)分布(bu)來(lai)(lai)看，故障成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)往往占比(bi)*，像廢品(pin)(pin)率37%、返(fan)工率23%、保修/優惠占40%等(deng)(deng)情(qing)況，這就(jiu)更(geng)凸顯(xian)了(le)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)提(ti)供(gong)高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要性。
二(er)、供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)開(kai)發和(he)評(ping)(ping)定(ding)(ding) 1. 過(guo)(guo)程生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力 - 過(guo)(guo)程生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力是(shi)評(ping)(ping)估供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)重要(yao)方面。這(zhe)包(bao)括(kuo)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)的(de)(de)效率、穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)等(deng)。例如(ru)，一(yi)個(ge)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)是(shi)否(fou)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠在(zai)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)時(shi)間內生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)出(chu)(chu)足(zu)夠數量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)且質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)合(he)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)產(chan)品。如(ru)果供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)(guo)程經常(chang)出(chu)(chu)現中(zhong)斷、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)速度慢(man)等(deng)問(wen)題，就難以滿足(zu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)。對于一(yi)些對交(jiao)貨期(qi)要(yao)求(qiu)嚴格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)來(lai)說，供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力直接關(guan)系(xi)(xi)到企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)計劃(hua)能(neng)(neng)(neng)否(fou)順利執行。 2. 生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技(ji)術能(neng)(neng)(neng)力 - 供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技(ji)術能(neng)(neng)(neng)力決定(ding)(ding)了其(qi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)否(fou)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)出(chu)(chu)符合(he)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)產(chan)品。例如(ru)，在(zai)高(gao)科技(ji)產(chan)業(ye)中(zhong)，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)需(xu)要(yao)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)具備先進的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技(ji)術來(lai)制造(zao)高(gao)精度的(de)(de)零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)。如(ru)果供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技(ji)術落后，可能(neng)(neng)(neng)無法(fa)達到企(qi)(qi)業(ye)對產(chan)品規(gui)格(ge)(ge)、性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)方面的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。而且，生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技(ji)術能(neng)(neng)(neng)力強的(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)更有可能(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)產(chan)品創新方面與企(qi)(qi)業(ye)進行合(he)作，共同開(kai)發出(chu)(chu)更具競爭力的(de)(de)產(chan)品。 3. 質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi) - 供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)是(shi)衡量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)其(qi)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)保證能(neng)(neng)(neng)力的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵。像(xiang)ISO 9001質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)標準(zhun)就是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)常(chang)見的(de)(de)衡量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)依據。一(yi)個(ge)完善的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠確保供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)在(zai)原材料采購、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)(guo)程、產(chan)品檢驗等(deng)各(ge)個(ge)環節都進行有效的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制。例如(ru)，通過(guo)(guo)建立質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)，供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)可以規(gui)范(fan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)流程，對生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵控(kong)制點(dian)進行嚴格(ge)(ge)監控(kong)，從而保證產(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)。
三、衡量(liang)(liang)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang) 1. 品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)結果的(de)(de)衡量(liang)(liang) - 產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)測(ce)定(ding) - 這(zhe)(zhe)是直接評估供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式。企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)可以通過對(dui)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)提供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)進行(xing)(xing)各(ge)種檢測(ce)、試驗等(deng)(deng)手段來測(ce)定(ding)其質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。例如(ru)，對(dui)原材料的(de)(de)化學成分分析、對(dui)零部(bu)(bu)件(jian)的(de)(de)物理性能(neng)測(ce)試等(deng)(deng)。只有(you)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)符合(he)(he)(he)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)標(biao)準，才(cai)能(neng)被(bei)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)接受并用(yong)于生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。 2. 品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)過程(cheng)能(neng)力(li)指數(shu)Ca、Cp、Cpk、Ppk、Cmk及其應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong) - 這(zhe)(zhe)些指數(shu)是衡量(liang)(liang)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)能(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)重要(yao)工具。Ca反映了(le)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)準確(que)度(du)，Cp反映了(le)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)精密(mi)度(du)，Cpk綜合(he)(he)(he)考(kao)慮了(le)準確(que)度(du)和精密(mi)度(du)等(deng)(deng)。企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)可以通過計(ji)算(suan)這(zhe)(zhe)些指數(shu)來評估供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)是否穩(wen)定(ding)、是否能(neng)夠持(chi)續生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)出(chu)合(he)(he)(he)格產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。例如(ru)，在(zai)(zai)汽(qi)車制造行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，對(dui)于關鍵零部(bu)(bu)件(jian)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)會要(yao)求(qiu)其Cpk值(zhi)達到一定(ding)水平，以確(que)保零部(bu)(bu)件(jian)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)穩(wen)定(ding)性。 3. 品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法和程(cheng)序 - 抽(chou)樣(yang)計(ji)劃(hua) - 抽(chou)樣(yang)計(ji)劃(hua)是在(zai)(zai)不能(neng)對(dui)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)的(de)(de)所有(you)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)進行(xing)(xing)全面檢測(ce)時采用(yong)的(de)(de)一種有(you)效方(fang)(fang)法。企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)可以根據(ju)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)特性、生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)批(pi)量(liang)(liang)等(deng)(deng)因素制定(ding)合(he)(he)(he)理的(de)(de)抽(chou)樣(yang)計(ji)劃(hua)。例如(ru)，按照一定(ding)的(de)(de)抽(chou)樣(yang)比例從供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)批(pi)次中抽(chou)取樣(yang)本進行(xing)(xing)檢測(ce)，如(ru)果樣(yang)本合(he)(he)(he)格則判定(ding)整批(pi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)合(he)(he)(he)格。這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)既可以在(zai)(zai)一定(ding)程(cheng)度(du)上保證產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)監控(kong)，又能(neng)節省檢測(ce)成本和時間。
四、其他重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)內容 1. 供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng) - 對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)新(xin)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)評(ping)估，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈管理(li)(li)（SCM）部門會(hui)建立評(ping)估計劃。新(xin)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開發(fa)可(ke)能(neng)基(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)多(duo)種原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)新(xin)機(ji)種需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)新(xin)類型(xing)材(cai)料(liao)而現(xian)有(you)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)無法(fa)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)、現(xian)有(you)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)被淘汰需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)增補、現(xian)有(you)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)不(bu)能(neng)滿(man)(man)(man)足(zu)需求等(deng)(deng)。在(zai)評(ping)估過(guo)程中，會(hui)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各個方(fang)面(mian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)審(shen)查(cha)，以(yi)確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)其有(you)能(neng)力提(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)符合(he)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)。 2. SQM程序 - SQM（Supplier Quality Management）程序包(bao)括預防(fang)(fang)(fang)、品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)和(he)(he)(he)監控(kong)(kong)等(deng)(deng)環(huan)節(jie)。在(zai)預防(fang)(fang)(fang)環(huan)節(jie)，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)采取措(cuo)施防(fang)(fang)(fang)止供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)出現(xian)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)問題；在(zai)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)環(huan)節(jie)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)符合(he)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求；在(zai)監控(kong)(kong)環(huan)節(jie)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)持續(xu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)表現(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)跟蹤監測。例(li)如(ru)(ru)(ru)，通(tong)過(guo)定(ding)(ding)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)審(shen)核(he)(he)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)抽(chou)(chou)檢(jian)等(deng)(deng)方(fang)式來(lai)實現(xian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)監控(kong)(kong)。 3. 質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)與改(gai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)方(fang)法(fa) - 質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方(fang)面(mian)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學習抽(chou)(chou)樣檢(jian)驗(yan)、過(guo)程控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)、統計分析等(deng)(deng)基(ji)本方(fang)法(fa)和(he)(he)(he)技(ji)(ji)術。例(li)如(ru)(ru)(ru)，通(tong)過(guo)過(guo)程控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)圖來(lai)監控(kong)(kong)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程是否穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)。在(zai)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)改(gai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)方(fang)面(mian)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)了(le)(le)解質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)圈、六(liu)西格瑪、PDCA循環(huan)等(deng)(deng)方(fang)法(fa)和(he)(he)(he)工(gong)具。企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)可(ke)以(yi)和(he)(he)(he)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)一起運用(yong)這些方(fang)法(fa)來(lai)不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)提(ti)高產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。例(li)如(ru)(ru)(ru)，通(tong)過(guo)PDCA循環(huan)（計劃、執行(xing)、檢(jian)查(cha)、處理(li)(li)）不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)優化供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程。 4. 缺(que)(que)陷(xian)管理(li)(li)、客(ke)戶(hu)(hu)滿(man)(man)(man)意(yi)度(du)等(deng)(deng) - 在(zai)缺(que)(que)陷(xian)管理(li)(li)方(fang)面(mian)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)準確(que)(que)、及(ji)時地(di)記錄、分類和(he)(he)(he)解決(jue)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)或(huo)服務的(de)(de)(de)(de)缺(que)(que)陷(xian)問題，并(bing)分析其根本原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)客(ke)戶(hu)(hu)滿(man)(man)(man)意(yi)度(du)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)了(le)(le)解如(ru)(ru)(ru)何測量(liang)(liang)(liang)并(bing)根據(ju)反饋結果進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)改(gai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)都要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)關注客(ke)戶(hu)(hu)滿(man)(man)(man)意(yi)度(du)，因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)最終產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)是面(mian)向客(ke)戶(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。如(ru)(ru)(ru)果客(ke)戶(hu)(hu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)不(bu)滿(man)(man)(man)意(yi)，可(ke)能(neng)是供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)或(huo)零部件(jian)存在(zai)問題，所(suo)以(yi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)共同(tong)努力提(ti)升(sheng)客(ke)戶(hu)(hu)體驗(yan)。 5. 團隊合(he)作(zuo)與溝通(tong)、過(guo)程管理(li)(li)等(deng)(deng) - 在(zai)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管理(li)(li)中，團隊合(he)作(zuo)與溝通(tong)也非常重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)內部的(de)(de)(de)(de)采購(gou)、品(pin)管、研發(fa)等(deng)(deng)部門與供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)之間要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)溝通(tong)與合(he)作(zuo)。例(li)如(ru)(ru)(ru)，研發(fa)部門將產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求準確(que)(que)傳達給供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，采購(gou)部門與供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)協(xie)調(diao)(diao)交貨期等(deng)(deng)。過(guo)程管理(li)(li)則(ze)是要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)各個工(gong)作(zuo)過(guo)程進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)管理(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)優化，確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)或(huo)服務質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)和(he)(he)(he)持續(xu)改(gai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。 6. 內審(shen)與認證(zheng)、風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)管理(li)(li)等(deng)(deng) - 企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)掌握內部審(shen)核(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)和(he)(he)(he)技(ji)(ji)巧(qiao)，為(wei)(wei)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管理(li)(li)體系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)認證(zheng)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)支持和(he)(he)(he)準備。同(tong)時，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)了(le)(le)解風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)管理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本原(yuan)理(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)方(fang)法(fa)，預防(fang)(fang)(fang)和(he)(he)(he)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)可(ke)能(neng)出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)問題。例(li)如(ru)(ru)(ru)，通(tong)過(guo)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)評(ping)估識別供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)可(ke)能(neng)存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)原(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)中斷(duan)(duan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)不(bu)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)等(deng)(deng)，并(bing)采取相應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)措(cuo)施進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)范(fan)。 7. 數(shu)據(ju)分析與決(jue)策(ce) - 企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學會(hui)利用(yong)數(shu)據(ju)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)分析和(he)(he)(he)決(jue)策(ce)，以(yi)支持質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管理(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效運行(xing)。例(li)如(ru)(ru)(ru)，通(tong)過(guo)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)數(shu)據(ju)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)分析，評(ping)估其質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)趨勢，從而決(jue)定(ding)(ding)是否繼續(xu)合(he)作(zuo)或(huo)者調(diao)(diao)整合(he)作(zuo)策(ce)略等(deng)(deng)。
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