不得以過激行為對抗單位的管理方案
(本文由勞動法鐘永棣老師原創)
【專家評析】
勞動(dong)(dong)法鐘永(yong)棣老師認為(wei),出(chu)(chu)于經營管理(li)(li)的(de)(de)需要,企業在(zai)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)發展(zhan)階段可(ke)能會(hui)(hui)出(chu)(chu)臺不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)經營管理(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)案(an),這些方(fang)(fang)案(an)很可(ke)能影響到勞動(dong)(dong)者的(de)(de)切身利益(yi)。勞資雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)均應認識到,雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)存在(zai)利益(yi)沖突是一個(ge)非常正常的(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)(hui)現象。此時(shi),雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)應通過(guo)合(he)法合(he)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式解決問(wen)題(ti)。企業可(ke)采(cai)取(qu)(qu)法定民主程序出(chu)(chu)臺和實施(shi)新(xin)方(fang)(fang)案(an)。勞動(dong)(dong)者可(ke)通過(guo)合(he)理(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)式提(ti)出(chu)(chu)異(yi)議,與企業友好協商解決問(wen)題(ti),但(dan)不(bu)(bu)應采(cai)取(qu)(qu)消極怠工(gong)、停工(gong)罷工(gong)、聚眾鬧事、破壞設備等過(guo)激(ji)行為(wei)或違紀(ji)違規行為(wei)與企業對抗(kang);否則企業有權依法給(gei)予紀(ji)律處分,甚至無條件(jian)解除勞動(dong)(dong)關系。
【基本案情】
王(wang)某(mou)(mou)于2010年9月(yue)(yue)(yue)8日(ri)進入(ru)K公(gong)司(si)處工(gong)(gong)作(zuo),在第一工(gong)(gong)段擔任電焊工(gong)(gong)。2014年4月(yue)(yue)(yue)之前,王(wang)某(mou)(mou)領取(qu)計件工(gong)(gong)資。王(wang)某(mou)(mou)于2014年5月(yue)(yue)(yue)4日(ri)至同(tong)(tong)(tong)年6月(yue)(yue)(yue)3日(ri)期間停(ting)工(gong)(gong),未提供(gong)正常勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)。2014年6月(yue)(yue)(yue)3日(ri),王(wang)某(mou)(mou)在要(yao)求公(gong)司(si)辭退的(de)人員名單中簽名。同(tong)(tong)(tong)日(ri),K公(gong)司(si)向王(wang)某(mou)(mou)出具《解(jie)除勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)通(tong)知書(shu)》,內載:“根據《員工(gong)(gong)手冊(ce)》、公(gong)司(si)的(de)相關管理(li)制度及《勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)法(fa)》的(de)相關規定(ding),公(gong)司(si)決定(ding)與你解(jie)除勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)……”。2014年6月(yue)(yue)(yue),王(wang)某(mou)(mou)申請勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)仲裁,主(zhu)張違(wei)法(fa)解(jie)除勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)賠償金(jin)。2014年8月(yue)(yue)(yue)22日(ri)仲裁委(wei)裁決駁回王(wang)某(mou)(mou)的(de)請求。
【爭議焦點】
(員工觀點)就解除(chu)勞(lao)動合同(tong)一(yi)(yi)節,王(wang)(wang)某(mou)陳(chen)述(shu),K公司(si)2014年(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)出臺新(xin)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資分配考核管理(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an),該方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)大幅度提(ti)高(gao)了(le)(le)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)生產(chan)定額,變相降(jiang)低了(le)(le)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資,員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)同(tong)意(yi)新(xin)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資分配方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an),雙方(fang)(fang)(fang)為此于(yu)2014年(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)4日(ri)(ri)起(qi)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)協商(shang)。協商(shang)過程中王(wang)(wang)某(mou)亦將(jiang)不(bu)同(tong)意(yi)的(de)理(li)由一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)羅列并遞交給了(le)(le)K公司(si),但K公司(si)一(yi)(yi)意(yi)孤行(xing)(xing)(xing),強行(xing)(xing)(xing)要求員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)接受新(xin)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)并到崗上班(ban),員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)同(tong)意(yi),K公司(si)即(ji)違(wei)法解除(chu)了(le)(le)勞(lao)動合同(tong)。王(wang)(wang)某(mou)認為,由于(yu)2014年(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)4日(ri)(ri)至同(tong)年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)3日(ri)(ri)期間雙方(fang)(fang)(fang)處(chu)于(yu)協商(shang)階段,故其無法正常(chang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo),且公司(si)為流(liu)水線(xian)操作(zuo),前一(yi)(yi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)段沒有完成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)則后一(yi)(yi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)段也無法繼續(xu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo),故王(wang)(wang)某(mou)該期間不(bu)屬于(yu)曠工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)或消(xiao)極(ji)怠工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。另,K公司(si)于(yu)2014年(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)4日(ri)(ri)推行(xing)(xing)(xing)新(xin)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an),但5月(yue)(yue)(yue)11日(ri)(ri)才形成(cheng)職代會(hui)決議(yi),且職代會(hui)的(de)組成(cheng)規模及人員(yuan)(yuan)構成(cheng)亦不(bu)合法,不(bu)能代表全體員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)切實需求,故以此方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)決議(yi)通過的(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)顯(xian)然是無效(xiao)的(de)。
王某為支持其訴請(qing),向一(yi)審法院(yuan)提供了仲裁(cai)裁(cai)決書(shu)(shu)(shu)、勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)、銀行轉賬(zhang)記錄(lu)、勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)報酬結算書(shu)(shu)(shu)、解(jie)除(chu)(chu)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)、2012年二、三(san)、四(si)工(gong)(gong)(gong)段計(ji)件(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資方(fang)案復印件(jian)(jian)(jian)、2013年二、三(san)、四(si)工(gong)(gong)(gong)段計(ji)件(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資修訂方(fang)案、2014年5月(yue)(yue)4日車間改革(ge)及(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資分配考核管理方(fang)案、2014年5月(yue)(yue)8日K公司征求意見通(tong)(tong)告(gao)、2014年5月(yue)(yue)11日職代會決議(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)簽到表、決議(yi)公告(gao)、2014年5月(yue)(yue)12、15日關于(yu)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)到崗工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)、2014年5月(yue)(yue)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)公司的(de)告(gao)知(zhi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)聲(sheng)明、員工(gong)(gong)(gong)關于(yu)考核管理方(fang)案的(de)意見及(ji)(ji)(ji)八(ba)點意見、關于(yu)給(gei)(gei)予(yu)賈X等人通(tong)(tong)報批評的(de)決定(ding)、關于(yu)與(yu)賈X等14名員工(gong)(gong)(gong)解(jie)除(chu)(chu)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)關系(xi)的(de)通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)、關于(yu)與(yu)郭X等員工(gong)(gong)(gong)解(jie)除(chu)(chu)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)、關于(yu)與(yu)吳(wu)X杰、吳(wu)X省解(jie)除(chu)(chu)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)、2014年6月(yue)(yue)3日工(gong)(gong)(gong)會關于(yu)與(yu)部(bu)分員工(gong)(gong)(gong)解(jie)除(chu)(chu)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)關系(xi)的(de)回(hui)復、2014年6月(yue)(yue)3日手機視頻及(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)片、報案筆(bi)錄(lu)、詢問筆(bi)錄(lu)、驗傷通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)、治安(an)調(diao)解(jie)協議(yi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)、接警(jing)登記表等證據材料。
(企業觀點)K公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)對此則陳(chen)述(shu),雙方(fang)在就(jiu)車間改(gai)革及工(gong)資(zi)分配方(fang)案的(de)推行發生(sheng)爭議(yi)時,王某并(bing)未采(cai)用(yong)正當的(de)方(fang)式協商,而(er)是于5月4日起(qi)以停工(gong)、拉閘等行為迫(po)使(shi)K公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)該(gai)日起(qi)停工(gong)停產,在第三(san)方(fang)介入的(de)情況(kuang)下,王某仍以停工(gong)拒不(bu)勞動的(de)方(fang)式意圖迫(po)使(shi)K公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)接受王某的(de)要(yao)求。K公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)認為,王某的(de)行為不(bu)僅違反了公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)規章制(zhi)度,且嚴重(zhong)違背了勞動者最基本的(de)勞動義務,故(gu)K公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)在此情況(kuang)下解除(chu)王某的(de)勞動合同完全合法(fa)。
K公(gong)司為支持其(qi)辯(bian)稱意(yi)見,向一審法院(yuan)提供要求公(gong)司辭退的(de)(de)人員(yuan)(yuan)名單(dan)、員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)手冊及(ji)(ji)簽收文件(jian)、關于給予賈X等(deng)人通(tong)(tong)報(bao)(bao)批(pi)評的(de)(de)決(jue)(jue)定(ding)、關于與賈X等(deng)人解除(chu)勞(lao)動合(he)(he)(he)同的(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、關于與吳X杰、吳X省解除(chu)勞(lao)動合(he)(he)(he)同的(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、職代會(hui)決(jue)(jue)議(yi)、現場照片(pian)及(ji)(ji)情(qing)況說明(ming)、短信(xin)通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、K公(gong)司大門考勤處錄(lu)像光盤(pan)及(ji)(ji)書面(mian)記錄(lu)單(dan)、車間改革及(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)分配考核管理(li)方(fang)案(an)、工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)明(ming)細表(biao)及(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)時工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)統計表(biao)、各工(gong)(gong)段生(sheng)產情(qing)況、110接警登記表(biao)、2014年5月(yue)4日在產整(zheng)車折算計件(jian)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)計算方(fang)法、K公(gong)司多次向王某發送上班(ban)通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)短信(xin)的(de)(de)公(gong)證書、勞(lao)動合(he)(he)(he)同、勞(lao)動報(bao)(bao)酬結算書、解除(chu)勞(lao)動合(he)(he)(he)同通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書、仲裁(cai)庭審理(li)筆(bi)錄(lu)、職代會(hui)決(jue)(jue)議(yi)及(ji)(ji)決(jue)(jue)議(yi)通(tong)(tong)過的(de)(de)相應計件(jian)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)方(fang)案(an)等(deng)證據材料。
【法院觀點】
一(yi)審法(fa)(fa)院認(ren)為,勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)應(ying)(ying)當(dang)遵守用人單位的(de)(de)(de)(de)規章制(zhi)度和勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)紀律(lv)、職業道德,認(ren)真履(lv)行自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)職責,并(bing)親自完(wan)成(cheng)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同約(yue)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作任(ren)(ren)務(wu)。本案雙方(fang)(fang)雖因K公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)推行2014年(nian)5月4日(ri)的(de)(de)(de)(de)《車間(jian)改革及工(gong)(gong)資分配考核管理方(fang)(fang)案》而(er)引發爭議,但爭議期間(jian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)仍(reng)應(ying)(ying)遵守勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)紀律(lv),完(wan)成(cheng)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)任(ren)(ren)務(wu),就(jiu)爭議事項應(ying)(ying)當(dang)通(tong)過協(xie)商等(deng)理性的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式加(jia)以解決。然(ran),王某(mou)(mou)卻(que)于(yu)2014年(nian)5月4日(ri)起采用停工(gong)(gong)、不(bu)提(ti)供(gong)正常勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)等(deng)不(bu)當(dang)方(fang)(fang)式,在K公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)多(duo)次通(tong)知王某(mou)(mou)到崗工(gong)(gong)作,并(bing)告知不(bu)到崗工(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)后果的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下,王某(mou)(mou)仍(reng)未到崗提(ti)供(gong)正常勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),王某(mou)(mou)該行為顯然(ran)違反了勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)負有的(de)(de)(de)(de)最基本的(de)(de)(de)(de)義務(wu)。而(er)王某(mou)(mou)又于(yu)2014年(nian)6月3日(ri)簽名要求公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)辭退。在此情況下,K公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)于(yu)2014年(nian)6月3日(ri)解除雙方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關系,并(bing)無不(bu)妥。且K公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)提(ti)交了致工(gong)(gong)會的(de)(de)(de)(de)解除通(tong)知及工(gong)(gong)會回復,證明K公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)作出的(de)(de)(de)(de)解除勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關系的(de)(de)(de)(de)決定(ding)已通(tong)過民主程(cheng)序。綜上,K公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)解除王某(mou)(mou)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同并(bing)未違反法(fa)(fa)律(lv)規定(ding),王某(mou)(mou)無權獲賠經濟補(bu)償或賠償金。
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